Moderated discussion – Chaired by Dr. Andrés De Castro, Deputy Director of the Gutiérrez Mellado Institute; Coordinator of the Master on Peace, Security and Defense Challenges; Senior Lecturer of Political Science, UNED. * ILC Principles on Protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts (PERAC), Prof. Concepción Escobar Hernández, Full Professor of Public International Law, UNED; Director of the Center of Studies of IHL, Spanish Red Cross; Former member and Special Rapporteur of the UN International Law Commission; Former Head of the International Law Department of the Spanish MFA. * Protected Areas, Prof. Joaquín Alcaide Fernández, Full Professor of Public International Law, University of Sevilla, Spain; Director of the Revista Española de Derecho Internacional; Co-Principal Inv. of the Project Making Peace with Nature and Making Nature a Key for Peace [PaxNature, Part I]). * Ecocide – Crimes against Nature, Dr. Thomas Obel Hansen, Maria Zambrano Distinguished Researcher, UC3M / Associate Professor in International Law at Ulster University’s Transitional Justice Institute, UK (on leave). * Climate change and NATO’s strategic concept of Cooperative Security, Dr. Alvaro Jarillo Aldeanueva, Senior Lecturer of Public International Law, UNED, Spain.